2023-04-14 : Backup confers only abilities that are actually printed below it. Any abilities that are gained by the permanent are ignored, including abilities gained due to a resolving spell or ability or copy effects.

2023-04-14 : If a backup ability causes another creature to gain abilities, the creature with backup will still have those abilities.

2023-04-14 : If a backup ability targets the creature with backup, that creature will get +1/+1 counters, but it won’t gain additional abilities.

2023-04-14 : If a permanent enters the battlefield as a copy of a card with a backup ability or a token is created that is a copy of that card, the order of the printed abilities is maintained.

2023-04-14 : If the same creature is the target of more than one of Conclave Sledge-Captain’s backup abilities, it will get more than one instance of its triggered ability. Each of those triggered abilities triggers separately. If the creature deals combat damage to a player, it will get that many +1/+1 counters more than once. (It will also have trample more than once, but that’s way less interesting.)

2023-04-14 : The abilities that backup grants to the target creature are determined only once, at the time the ability triggers. They won’t change if the permanent with backup loses any abilities before the backup ability resolves.